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Architecture/Landscape
City images/Städte
A city (from Latin civitātis), is a relatively large and permanent settlement, particularly a large urban settlement. Although there are no agreed on technical definitions distinguishing a city from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law — for example an article of incorporation approved by the local cognizant (state) legislature separates towns from city government forms, rights, duties and privileges in Massachusetts — similar distinctions are made across the world, particularly in former colonies of the United Kingdom. Historically, in Europe, a city was understood to be an urban settlement with a cathedral; in later usages, especially in the United Kingdom and parts of Commonwealth of Nations, a city was a settlement with a royal charter.



Berlin. Frankfurt, Atlanta, Glasgow and Edinburgh
Landscape/Landschaft What happens to us
Is irrelevant to the world's geology
But what happens to the world's geology
Is not irrelevant to us.
We must reconcile ourselves to the stones
Not the stones to us.                                               (Hugh MacDiarmid, 1934)


We have to open our mind and heart to see the real treasures of our world. (Sylvia, Scotland 2008)


Castles & Churches / Burgen & Kirchen

A castle (from Latin castellum), is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. The term has a history of scholarly debate surrounding its exact meaning, but it is usually regarded as being distinct from the general terms fort or fortress, in that it describes a residence of a monarch or noble and commands a specific defensive territory.
Roman forts and hill forts were the main antecedents of castles throughout Europe, which emerged in the 9th century in the Carolingian Empire. The advent of cannon and gunpowder in the mid 13th century changed the needs of warfare in Europe, limiting the effectiveness of the castle and leading to the rise of the fort.

Miscellanous/Verschiedenes
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City images/Städte
Landscape/Landschaft
Castles & Churches / Burgen & Kirchen
Miscellanous/Verschiedenes